Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989 |
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Remarks | Semipelagic (Ref. 122907), found in coastal tropical and warm temperate waters (Refs. 5578, 122907), occasionally offshore (Ref. 5578). Also found in lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 122907). Sometimes found in small groups (Ref. 5578). Feeds on fish (Ref. 5578), on bottom-living crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 57025). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.79 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |