Main Ref. | Goulding, M., 1981 |
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Remarks | Preferably inhabits quiet shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). Usually solitary (Ref. 9088). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on small fish, crayfish, worms and insect larvae, terrestrial invertebrates and aquatic macrophytes (Ref. 9089). Omnivore (Ref. 76754). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Mérona, B. de and J. Rankin-de-Mérona, 2004 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Soares, M.G.M., R.G. Almeida and W.T. Tunk, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.83 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |