Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
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Remarks | Inhabits silty, sandy, or rubble bottoms. Feeds on fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cervigón, F., 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Cervigón, F., 1994 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.20 | 4.04 | 0.63 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 4.20 | 0.73 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |