Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Commonly found in weedy areas and especially around reefs, where they usually swim snout-down among sea whips (gorgonians). A solitary ambusher of small fishes and crustaceans that lurk among branching coral or gorgonians. Often swims behind large herbivorous fishes to sneak up on prey. Mouth opens to diameter of body to suck in prey (Ref. 9710). Carnivore (Ref. 57616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp, <>Periclimenes pedersoni>, as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.26 | 0.62 | 4.15 | 0.68 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.44 | 0.79 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |