Main Ref. | Chavance, P., D.F. Hernández, A. Yañez-Arancibia and F.A. Linares, 1984 |
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Remarks | Feeds mainly on fish and benthic organisms (Ref. 4480). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Chavance, P., D.F. Hernández, A. Yañez-Arancibia and F.A. Linares, 1984 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Chavance, P., D.F. Hernández, A. Yañez-Arancibia and F.A. Linares, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.20 | 3.16 | 0.32 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.24 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |