Main Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999 |
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Remarks | Adults benthopelagic to 650 m depth, juveniles common on reefs (Ref. 34024). At depths of about 40-75 m, adults are found deep on mud and broken shell bottom (Ref. 36413). Smaller silvery specimens taken far out at sea in the epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Caught occasionally (Ref. 34024). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Naranjo-Elizondo, B., M. Espinoza, M. Herrera, T.M. Clarke and I.S. Wehrtmann, 2016 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Naranjo-Elizondo, B., M. Espinoza, M. Herrera, T.M. Clarke and I.S. Wehrtmann, 2016 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.12 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Ballón, R.M., 2005 |