Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | In caves or other projections (Ref. 9137). Inhabits steep outer reef slopes (Ref. 9710); in ledges and caves (Ref. 48391) or other projections (Ref. 9137) . Shy and not easily approached at close range (Ref. 4537). Usually observed singly, almost always upside down in reef caves (Ref. 47838); but also forms pairs or small groups (Ref. 48391). Natural diet unknown (Ref. 48391). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Usually observed singly, almost always upside down in reef caves (Ref. 47838); but also forms pairs or small groups (Ref. 48391). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.49 | 0.00 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |