Main Ref. | Ebert, D.A., L.J.V. Compagno and P.D. Cowley, 1992 |
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Remarks | Reported to be a schooling species. Feeds on pelagic or benthopelagic invertebrates, with the incorporation and increasing importance of fish in its diet as it grows. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 117245). Found on the outermost continental shelves and upper slopes, mostly below 275 m (Refs. 247, 117245). At high latitudes, may move up to the surface especially during the winter (Ref. 247). Bottom water temperature are from 3.5 to 4.5°C (Also Ref. 117245), but sometimes down to 1°C. Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, jellyfish and small fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Parasites of the species include Otodistomum cestoides (trematode) and Lernaeopoda centroscyllii (copepod) (Ref. 5951). Segregation by sex and size as well as by movement into shallower water and by increase in school size is sometimes seen (Ref. 205). Among the few shark species known to school (Ref. 94899). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ebert, D.A., L.J.V. Compagno and P.D. Cowley, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ebert, D.A., L.J.V. Compagno and P.D. Cowley, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.84 | 0.27 | 3.86 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.20 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Ebert, D.A., L.J.V. Compagno and P.D. Cowley, 1992 |