Main Ref. | Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994 |
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Remarks | A fairly common species found on continental and insular slopes (Ref. 6871, 75154), on or near the bottom (Ref. 5578). Feeds mainly on fish and cephalopods (Ref. 6871, 58748). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.16 | 0.37 | 4.05 | 0.51 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |