Main Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1975 |
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Remarks | Found in inshore areas with sandy bottoms or coral reefs, forming small schools (Ref. 9299). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 37955). Omnivore (Ref. 57615). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1975 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.31 | 0.58 | |||
From individual food items | 3.33 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 |