Main Ref. | Westneat, M.W., 2001 |
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Remarks | Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs, usually in areas with mixed coral, sand, and rubble. Feeds mainly on benthic, hard-shelled invertebrates, including mollusks, crustaceans and sea urchins. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gomon, M.F. and J.E. Randall, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gomon, M.F. and J.E. Randall, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.37 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |