Main Ref. | van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991 |
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Remarks | Dwells in rocky and coral reefs. Juveniles reportedly venture into estuaries for shelter during rough weather. Shoaling species. Hermaphroditic. Demersal. Feeds on small fishes, squids and crustaceans (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.54 | 0.44 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.12 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Nasir, N.A., 2000 |