Main Ref. | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
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Remarks | Coastal species (Refs. 5213, 59104, 86727). Found over rocks and sand, from the coast down to a depth of about 150 m. (Ref. 5213). Also found in a coastal lagoon (Ref. 122949). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 12382). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.49 | 0.48 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.34 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Labropoulou, M. and A. Machias, 1998 |