Main Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1968 |
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Remarks | Noted for its ability to swim backward, using the tail for guidance. When startled or disturbed, it often burrows rapidly into the bottom; otherwise it spends most of its time "standing" erect with the tail bent at a 90° angle along the bottom or inserted into a hole or crack (Ref. 4525). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1968 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.07 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |