Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Pelagic predator. Forms small groups when hunting. Feeds on small fishes, anchovies, and juvenile fishes (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Barnabé, G., 1976 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.20 | 0.64 | |||
From individual food items | 4.39 | 0.89 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., D.A. Milton, N.J.F. Rawlinson, G. Tiroba and P.V. Nichols, 1990 |