Main Ref. | Cochran, P.A., D.M. Lodge, J.R. Hodgson and P.G. Knapik, 1988 |
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Remarks | Occurs in lakes, ponds and sluggish pools of headwaters, creeks and small rivers usually over silt and near vegetation. Probably feeds on insects, crustaceans, and plankton (Ref. 1998, 12077); also feeds on diatoms (Ref. 12077). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: silt; |
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Substrate Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Litvak, M.K. and R.I.C. Hansell, 1990 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.63 | 2.67 | 0.24 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.02 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Litvak, M.K. and R.I.C. Hansell, 1990 |