Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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Remarks | Dwells in reef fronts and rocky shores. Nocturnal, benthic species. Feeds on crustaceans and crabs (Ref. 9773). Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Feeds during the day and at night (diurnal and nocturnal). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Collette, B.B., 1978 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Collette, B.B., 1978 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.68 | 0.33 | 3.46 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.71 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |