Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Found in areas of mixed coral, sand and rubble of exposed outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602, 48636). Feeds mainly on mollusks, crabs, and hermit crabs, and occasionally on tunicates and forams (Ref. 1602); and small invertebrates (Ref. 54301). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.53 | 0.17 | 3.52 | 0.47 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |