Main Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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Remarks | Juveniles use mangroves as nursery ground. Adults occur up to 140m depth on continental shelf; juveniles occur in turbid waters and prefer muddy bottom (Ref. 43081). Dwells in muddy and sandy substrates. Known to enter brackish waters. Feeds on benthic invertebrates, shrimp, crabs and marine worms (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |