Main Ref. | Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coastal waters and often comes near the surface at night. Enters estuaries (Ref. 1479). Feeds on a wide variety of small fishes, squids and crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.08 | 0.67 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.86 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |