Main Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
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Remarks | Inhabits standing to slow-flowing water; most common in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of streams (Ref. 5723). Most abundant in lower reaches of streams (Ref. 44091). Frequents brackish water. Feeds on insects, zooplankton and detritus. Used as live food for carnivorous aquarium fishes (Ref. 5723). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: silt; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.07 | 0.15 | 3.03 | 0.11 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.22 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Mansfield, S. and B.H. Mcardle, 1998 |