Main Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
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Remarks | Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Primarily marine but enter fresh water (Ref.4967). Marine species that may enter lakes (Ref. 4323) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12915). Juveniles are found in brackish mangrove estuaries and sometimes enter fresh water (Ref. 2847). Schooling species (Ref. 75154). Feed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and forams on sand or muddy-sand bottoms (Ref. 12915). Inhabits shallow waters. Tolerance of low salinities enables its presence in estuaries. Forms small shoals. Feeds on amphipods, polychaetes, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.34 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.46 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |