ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Inhabits coastal waters, over sandy or rocky bottoms. Also found in water with low salinity (Ref. 9626). Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : sand; mud;: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus, 1984 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.59 | 0.24 | 3.33 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.94 | 0.64 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |