Main Ref. | Vega-Cendejas, M.E., M. Hernandez and F. Arreguin-Sanchez, 1994 |
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Remarks | Occurs in coastal waters, over mud sand bottoms and frequently near brackish or hyper-saline estuaries (Ref. 5217). Forms schools. Feeds on fish and benthic organisms (Ref. 8981). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Vega-Cendejas, M.E., M. Hernandez and F. Arreguin-Sanchez, 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Vega-Cendejas, M.E., M. Hernandez and F. Arreguin-Sanchez, 1994 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.42 | 3.23 | 0.39 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Motta, P.J., K.B. Clifton, P. Hernandez, B.T. Eggold, S.D. Giordano and R. Wilcox, 1995 |