Main Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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Remarks | Found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but sometimes occurs in muddy rivers. Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Can tolerate slightly brackish water. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Arunachalam, M., J.A. Johnson, A. Sankaranarayanan, R. Soranam, A. Manimekalan and P.N. Shanthi, 2000 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.59 | 0.28 | 3.52 | 0.47 | Troph of adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.89 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 |