Main Ref. | Cremer, M.C. and R.O. Smitherman, 1980 |
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Remarks | Occurs in rivers (Ref. 6459, 10294) and lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (Ref. 6459); also on insect larvae and clumps of algae (Ref. 10294). Bottom feeding fish (Ref. 6459). Reported host of the bodonid flagellate Cryptobia sp. (Ref. 26129). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cremer, M.C. and R.O. Smitherman, 1980 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.38 | 0.20 | |||
From individual food items | 2.83 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cremer, M.C. and R.O. Smitherman, 1980 |