Main Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
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Remarks | Found over reef areas and adjacent sandy and seagrass areas (Ref. 30573, 41878). Dwells in coral, rocky reefs, and shallow inshore waters. Feeds on mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.75 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |