Main Ref. | Coates, D., 1987 |
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Remarks | Adults are generally found at sea, but young inhabit river mouths, inner bays, and mangrove forests. In freshwater, it occurs in rivers, lagoons, lakes, and swampy backwaters (Ref. 2847). Tolerate salinities from 0 to 100. Mainly diurnal (Ref. 7017). Predaceous, feeding mainly on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Breed offshore, possibly throughout the year. Larvae are transparent and resemble larval eels (Ref. 13337). Juveniles commonly enter freshwater (Ref. 48635). Also in Ref. 9137. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Coates, D., 1987 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Coates, D., 1987 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.48 | 0.13 | 3.36 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 8 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.91 | 0.64 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Coates, D., 1987 |