Main Ref. | Taniuchi, T., N. Kuroda and Y. Nose, 1983 |
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Remarks | A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Found in the intertidal zone, on mud and sand bottom, down to a depth of at least 360 m (Ref. 13563). Feeds mainly on bottom invertebrates, also bony fishes (Ref. 244). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.65 | 0.12 | Troph of juv./adults from 7 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Yamaguchi, A. and T. Taniuchi, 2000 |