Main Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Remarks | Adults occur in shallow sandy flats, seagrass beds (Refs. 1602, 48635, 58302, 9773) and coral reefs (Ref. 9773). Burrowing species of inshore waters (Refs. 75154, 9773). Fish-and-invertebrate feeder (Ref. 113692). Swims along the bottom in search of prey (Ref. 129713). Nocturnal carnivore. Feeds on crabs (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Nemeth, R.S., E. Kadison, J. Jossart, M. Shivjo, B. Wetherbee and J. Matley, 2023 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; Other habitats: burrows; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Unsworth, R.K., S.L. Garrard, P.S. De León, L.C. Cullen, D.J. Smith, K.A. Sloman and J.J. Bell, 2009 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Unsworth, R.K., S.L. Garrard, P.S. De León, L.C. Cullen, D.J. Smith, K.A. Sloman and J.J. Bell, 2009 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |