Ecology Summary - Myxine glutinosa

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Main Ref.	Fernholm, B., 1998
Remarks	Found on soft, muddy bottoms; requires high salinity (at least 30 ppt) and low temperature (below 12°C), conditions usually found in deeper waters (Refs. 5951, 117245). Feeds chiefly on dead and dying fish of varying species by boring into the body and consuming viscera and musculature. Food includes marine invertebrates such as polychaete worms and crustaceans (shrimp, Pandalus borealis, an important food item) (Ref. 5951), hermit crabs, limpets, nemerteans, priapulid worms and fishes (Ref. 117245). Benthic. Non-migratory. Inhabits shallow transient burrows parallel sediment surface. Scavengers. No known parasites (Ref. 117245). Cathemeral (Ref. 117245) but chiefly nocturnal.

Main Ref.

Fernholm, B., 1998

Remarks

Found on soft, muddy bottoms; requires high salinity (at least 30 ppt) and low temperature (below 12°C), conditions usually found in deeper waters (Refs. 5951, 117245). Feeds chiefly on dead and dying fish of varying species by boring into the body and consuming viscera and musculature. Food includes marine invertebrates such as polychaete worms and crustaceans (shrimp, Pandalus borealis, an important food item) (Ref. 5951), hermit crabs, limpets, nemerteans, priapulid worms and fishes (Ref. 117245). Benthic. Non-migratory. Inhabits shallow transient burrows parallel sediment surface. Scavengers. No known parasites (Ref. 117245). Cathemeral (Ref. 117245) but chiefly nocturnal.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Myxine glutinosa may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.54		3.40	0.59	Troph of adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	4.05	0.71			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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