Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
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Remarks | Adults return to natal streams from the sea to spawn (Ref. 27547). Fry may migrate to the sea after only 3 months in fresh water, some may stay for as long as 3 years, but generally most stay a year in the stream before migrating (Ref. 27547). Some individuals remain close inshore throughout their lives, but some make extensive migrations (Ref. 27547, 44894). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.40 | 0.66 | 4.44 | 0.78 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.83 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Jude, D.J., F.J. Tesar, S.F. Deboe and T.J. Miller, 1987 |