Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Found to inhabit caves and under projections in rocky reefs (Ref. 9137); also in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Nocturnal species (Refs. 75154, 9773). Exhibit the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, they appear to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). Forages along reefs (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.64 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |