Main Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
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Remarks | Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Juveniles and/or adults are found in subtidal edge of mud flats and near inshore waters (Ref. 121464). Shallow water shoaling species. Dwells in sheltered bays and estuaries. Tolerates turbid waters and varying salinities. Demersal. Generalist carnivore. Feeds on shrimp, small fishes and squids (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Druzhinin, A.D. and N.A. Filatova, 1979 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.60 | 0.58 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.06 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Nasir, N.A., 2000 |