Main Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
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Remarks | Occurs from 10 to 50 m depths, often on rough grounds, but also on softer bottoms. Also inhabits reefs (Ref. 9988). Adults migrate into shallower parts of their depth range to spawn in late spring and summer; juveniles occur mainly in the shallower areas. Feeds on benthic invertebrates, including echinoderms, worms, molluscs and crustaceans; also on fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.46 | 0.69 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.45 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |