Main Ref. | Papaconstantinou, C. and E. Caragitsou, 1989 |
---|---|
Remarks | Found over rock, rubble, or sand bottoms (young frequently found on seagrass beds and the continental shelf (Ref. 47377)) down to about 250 m depth, often above 150 m. Feeds on crustaceans, fishes, and mollusks (Ref. 3688). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). In southwest Brazil found in 160 m depth (Ref. 47377). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Papaconstantinou, C. and E. Caragitsou, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | da Silva Monteiro, V.M., 1998 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.86 | 0.24 | 3.62 | 0.58 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.55 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Papaconstantinou, C. and E. Caragitsou, 1989 |