Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1987 |
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Remarks | Lives in crevices and holes in steep rocks and also between vegetation or boulders. Young specimens in upper littoral between algae. Underwater `flight' over long distances. Rivals attacked by mouth fighting. Aggressive. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Zander, C.D., 1986 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Zander, C.D., 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.59 | 2.94 | 0.25 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 2.72 | 0.24 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Goldschmid, A., K. Kotrschal and P. Wirtz, 1984 |