Main Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs in shallow coral reef areas, predominantly found in exposed sand plains of reef flats and channels at depth of 2-10 m. Is often found in haremic social groups dominated by single territorial males. (Ref. 9001) |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.55 | 0.28 | 3.45 | 0.49 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. | Sano, M., 1993 |