Main Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coastal waters near reefs and weedy areas. Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Coastal, shallow water species that dwells in coral and rocky reefs. Demersal. Adults are solitary. Juveniles form schools in shallow tidal pools associated with seaweeds. Feeds on crabs, shrimps, marine worms, and fish (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
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Associations | solitary; schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.77 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |