Main Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Remarks | Found around rocks and corals from the surf zone to a depth of 80 m (Refs. 2799, 9773). Enter estuaries and rivers in Seychelles, Madagascar and South Africa (Ref. 2135). Juveniles occur in tide pools (Ref. 9710). Coastal. Feeds on small invertebrates, shrimp, crabs, marine worms and small fish. Spawns on offshore reefs; juveniles navigate into tidal coral and rocky pools which act as nursery grounds and shelter (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Smith, M.M. and R.J. McKay, 1986 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.77 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
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