Main Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
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Remarks | Low- to mid-level predator. Juveniles feed mainly on crustaceans while adults prey mainly on fish but may also take cephalopods and pelagic crustaceans (Refs. 1371, 58137, 88187). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.32 | 0.26 | 4.04 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 19 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.91 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bergstad, O.A., 1991 |