Ecology Summary - Pseudupeneus maculatus

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Main Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Remarks	Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Grubbers which excavate while moving, feed on bottom animals (Ref. 40396). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Predominantly inhabits forereefs (Ref. 128694).

Main Ref.

Randall, J.E., 1967

Remarks

Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Grubbers which excavate while moving, feed on bottom animals (Ref. 40396). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Predominantly inhabits forereefs (Ref. 128694).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pseudupeneus maculatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	: sand;: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; Other habitats: deep-water corals;
Special habitats Ref.	Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with	Cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094).
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.65	0.20	3.38	0.43	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
From individual food items	3.37	0.39			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

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