Main Ref. | Venkata Subba Rao, K., 1981 |
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Remarks | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154, 9773). Voracious feeder and has the ability to catch fast swimming animals, e.g., Loligo (Ref. 1286). Dwells in muddy substrates. Ambush predator. Feeds on sardines, ribbonfishes, scads, squids and crustaceans (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Venkata Subba Rao, K., 1981 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Venkata Subba Rao, K., 1981 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.40 | 0.28 | 4.04 | 0.56 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.31 | 0.95 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Venkata Subba Rao, K., 1981 |