Main Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1990 |
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Remarks | Benthic, found in inshore waters usually on shallow sandy bottoms close to coral reefs (Ref. 30573). Present in seagrass beds at all life stages. Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Refs. 41878, 9773). Demersal. Dwells in shallow inshore waters around coral reefs and sandy substrates (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.96 | 0.36 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |