Ecology Summary - Scomberomorus cavalla

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Main Ref.	Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
Remarks	Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Appears to be present all throughout the year off Louisiana, USA and off the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Migrates over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast depending on water temperatures. The coastal area from Florida to Massachusetts is inhabited only during the warm months of the year.

Main Ref.

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983

Remarks

Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Appears to be present all throughout the year off Louisiana, USA and off the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Migrates over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast depending on water temperatures. The coastal area from Florida to Massachusetts is inhabited only during the warm months of the year.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Scomberomorus cavalla may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.42	0.29	4.48	0.79	Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies.
From individual food items	4.43	0.77			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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