Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Adults found in deep rocky areas (between 200 and 700 m; Ref. 9137); young found in shallow waters (Ref. 6637), particulary in Sargassum beds (Ref. 130487). The diet consists of fishes, crustaceans and squids (Ref. 6637). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.47 | 0.79 | |||
From individual food items | 4.19 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Horinouchi, M. and M. Sano, 2000 |