Main Ref. | Parrish, J.D., J.E. Norris, M.W. Callahan, J.K. Callahan, E.J. Magarifuji and R.E. Schroeder, 1986 |
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Remarks | Inhabits inshore waters (Also Ref. 75154), among coral, rocky and weedy areas. Demersal. Feeds on marine invertebrates, crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Parrish, J.D., J.E. Norris, M.W. Callahan, J.K. Callahan, E.J. Magarifuji and R.E. Schroeder, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Parrish, J.D., J.E. Norris, M.W. Callahan, J.K. Callahan, E.J. Magarifuji and R.E. Schroeder, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.76 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |