Main Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |
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Remarks | Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: frequently in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, common in standing deep water, occasionally in shallow swamps (Ref. 037065). Feeds on benthic organisms, fish and seeds (Ref. 12597) |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.35 | 0.33 | 3.12 | 0.43 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.38 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |