Main Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
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Remarks | Found in clear outer lagoon reefs and exposed seaward reefs. Abundant in shallow exposed areas with surge channels. Feeds mainly on benthic crustaceans (crabs, shrimps), small fishes, gastropod molluscs, and sea urchins. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.58 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |