Main Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
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Remarks | Juveniles are found in the surface layer of continental shelf waters until they are about 6-7 cm SL when they adopt the adult benthic life (Ref. 6390, 28492). Average size of larvae upon hatching is 18.6 mm. They live near surface waters (Ref. 6390). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.35 | 0.10 | 3.25 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 10 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Pakhomov, E.A., 1997 |